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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(1): 17-20, jan.-fev. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251318

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To observe clinically, in rabbits, the side effects of topical injection of subconjunctival cyclophosphamide, studying its role as an antifibrotic drug. Methods: Prospective study in 20 albino rabbits of New Zealand race. All rabbits were treated with cyclophosphamide, 10mg/ml in a volume of 0.3 ml, in the left eye through subconjunctival injection. They were evaluated for 1, 7, 30, and 60 days after the procedure. All the animals were examined for the detection of ocular reactions such as necrosis, hyperemia, chemosis, secretion, opacity, and iritis. Other side effects as changes in the behavior, in the feed, and the water consumption were also evaluated. Results: It was observed that from the 20 rabbits studied, three rabbits (15%) showed side effects only at the 24 hours analysis. One rabbit (5%) presented hyperemia, one rabbit (5%) had hyperemia associated with iritis, and one rabbit (5%) presented hyperemia associated with secretion. These reactions were not observed at 1, 7, 30, and 60 days. Conclusion: Cyclophosphamide subconjunctival injection induces minor side effects on the conjunctiva of rabbits such as hyperemia, associated with iritis and secretion.


RESUMO Objetivo: Observar clinicamente os efeitos colaterais de injeção subconjuntival de ciclofosfamida, pensando em sua ação como um agente antifibrótico. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo realizado com 20 coelhos albinos da raça Nova Zelândia. Todos os coelhos foram submetidos a 0,3 ml de injeção subconjuntival de ciclofosfamida 10mg/ml no olho esquerdo e foram avaliados de acordo com os efeitos locais no primeiro dia após a injeção, 7, 30 e 60 dias. Foram examinados para detecção de reações oculares como necrose, hiperemia, quemose, secreção, opacidade corneana, irite além de alterações comportamentais e variação no consumo de água e alimentação. Resultados: Dos 20 coelhos estudados, apenas 3 apresentaram reações oculares e somente na leitura de 24 horas. Um coelho (5%) apresentou hiperemia, 1 coelho (5%) apresentou hiperemia associada a presença de irite e 1 coelho (5%) apresentou hiperemia associada a presença de secreção. As reações não foram mais observadas durante os exames de 7, 30 e 60 dias. Conclusão: A ciclofosfamida subconjuntival causou poucos efeitos colaterais na conjuntiva dos coelhos. Os únicos efeitos encontrados foram hiperemia, irite e secreção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Fibrosis/prevention & control , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects , Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Mitomycin/pharmacology , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Injections, Intraocular , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Slit Lamp Microscopy
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(4): e0018, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288632

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe ocular surface findings in impression cytology obtained from healthy rabbit conjunctiva treated with interferon alpha-2b eyedrop, and compare them to findings after use of mitomycin C 0.02%. Methods: An experimental study using a rabbit model was performed between September 2013 and October 2014 at the Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Clínica de Olhos Moacir Cunha. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 6 groups and received interferon alpha-2b or mitomycin C 0.02%. Impression cytology (IC) was performed prior to topical applications and at15, 30 and 60 days of use. The following variables were analyzed in impression cytology: goblet cells, cellularity, cell-to-cell adhesion, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, nuclear chromatin, inflammatory cells keratinization, and cytomegaly. Results: The major findings in impression cytology after us of interferon alpha-2b included loss of goblet cells (50.8%), reduced cell-to-cell adhesion (26.2%), abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (20%) and reduced cellularity (15.4%). After use of mitomycin C 0.02%, the most common changes included loss of goblet cells (46.2%), abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (25.6%), less cell-to-cell adhesion (23.1%), and reduced cellularity (20.5%). There were no significant differences in any variable when comparing impression cytology after interferon alpha-2b and after mitomycin C 0.02%. Goblet cell loss was more pronounced at days 30 and 60, as compared to impression cytology at day 15 for both drugs. Conclusion: The loss of goblet cells, reduced cell-to-cell adhesion and cellularity, along with abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio were the most common findings in impression cytology after use of interferon alpha-2b. These findings are similar to those described for use of mitomycin C 0.02%. ..


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os achados em citologia de impressão de conjuntiva sadia de coelho submetida ao uso de colírio de interferon alfa-2b e compará-los ao que foi encontrado após uso da mitomicina C 0,02%. Métodos: Estudo experimental realizado em modelo animal no período entre setembro de 2013 e outubro de 2014 nas dependências da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo e da Clínica de Olhos Moacir Cunha. Trinta coelhos albinos da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididos em seis grupos e receberam interferon alfa-2b ou mitomicina C. A citologia de impressão foi realizada antes do início dos colírios e após 15, 30, 60 dias de seu uso. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas na citologia de impressão: células caliciformes, celularidade, adesão intercelular, razão núcleo/citoplasma, cromatina, células inflamatórias, queratinização e citomegalia. Resultados: Os principais achados na citologia de impressão após o uso do interferon alfa-2b foram a redução de células caliciformes (50,8%), a diminuição da adesão intercelular (26,2%), a alteração da razão N/C (20%) e a redução da celularidade (15,4%). Após o uso da mitomicina C 0,02%, foram mais frequentes a redução das células caliciformes (46,2%), a alteração da razão N/C (25,6%), a adesão intercelular (23,1%) e a redução da celularidade (20,5%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para nenhuma das variáveis estudas quando se compararam as citologias de impressão após interferon alfa-2b com as citologias de impressão após mitomicina C 0,02%. Independentemente da substância utilizada, as citologias colhidas 30 e 60 dias após início das drogas apresentaram maior redução de células caliciformes quando comparadas com as citologias de impressão colhidas após 15 dias. Conclusão: A redução das células caliciformes, a diminuição da adesão intercelular, a alteração da razão N/C e a diminuição da celularidade foram as alterações mais frequentes na citologia de impressão colhida após o uso de interferon alfa-2b. Os achados em citologias de impressão após o uso de interferon alfa-2b são semelhantes àqueles encontrados após o uso da mitomicina C 0,02%.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Mitomycin/pharmacology , Conjunctiva/cytology , Cornea/cytology , Interferon alpha-2/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Cellulose , Cytological Techniques , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Conjunctiva/ultrastructure , Conjunctival Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cell Culture Techniques , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/ultrastructure , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Interferon alpha-2/therapeutic use , Micropore Filters
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(4): 310-316, July-Aug. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019421

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Chronic instillation of benzalkonium chloride, a preservative, has inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. However, addition of the anti-inflammatory agent cyclosporine to a therapeutic protocol may mitigate these effects. This study compared the toxic effects of a 0.1% benzalkonium chloride solution and the possible protective effect of 0.05% cyclosporine when applied topically to the rabbit conjunctiva. Methods: Fifteen age- and weight-matched, female New Zealand white rabbits were categorized into three groups and treated for 30 consecutive days. Group 1, 2, and 3 - benzalkonium chloride received 0.1% every 24 h, 0.05% cyclosporine every 6 h, and both treatments, respectively. In each rabbit, the left eye was subjected to treatment and the right eye was a control. The rabbits were euthanized at after the experiment. Goblet cells and blood vessels were then enumerated in conjunctival tissues stained with periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin-eosin, respectively. Differences between treated and untreated eyes and between groups were compared using the t-test and analysis of variance. Results: Benzalkonium chloride treatment, with and without cyclosporine, significantly reduced (p≤0.05) in the number of goblet cells in treatment eyes compared with that in respective control eyes. Alternatively, adding cyclosporine to benzalkonium chloride did not prevent the loss of conjunctival goblet cells, and a significant reduction in the number of goblet cells was noted. Benzalkonium chloride-induced significant increase in the number of new blood vessels was mitigated significantly by the addition of cyclosporine. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the magnitude of conjunctival injury caused by chronic instillation of benzalkonium chloride. Although cyclosporine did not mitigate the effects on goblet cells, its addition minimized inflammatory angiogenesis induced by benzalkonium chloride.


RESUMO Objetivo: A instilação crônica de cloreto de benzal­cônio, um conservante, tem efeitos inflamatórios na superfície ocular. No entanto, a adição do agente anti-inflamatório ciclosporina a um protocolo terapêutico pode atenuar esses efeitos. Este estudo comparou os efeitos tóxicos de uma solução de cloreto de benzalcônio a 0,1% e o possível efeito protetor de ciclosporina a 0,05% quando aplicado topicamente à conjuntiva de coelho. Métodos: Quinze coelhos fêmeas brancos da raça Nova Zelândia, pareados por idade e peso, foram categorizados em três grupos e tratados por 30 dias consecutivos. Os grupos 1, 2 e 3 - receberam cloreto de benzalcônio 0,1% a cada 24h, ciclosporina a 0,005% a cada 6h e ambos os tratamentos, respectivamente. Em cada coelho, o olho esquerdo foi submetido a tratamento e o olho direito foi controle. Os coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia após o experimento. Células caliciformes e vasos sanguíneos foram então enumerados em tecidos conjuntivais corados com ácido periódico-Schiff e hematoxilina-eosina, respectivamente. As diferenças entre os olhos tratados e não tratados e entre os grupos foram comparadas usando o teste t e análise de variância. Resultados: O tratamento com cloreto de benzalcônio, com e sem ciclosporina, reduziu significativamente (p£0,05) o número de células caliciformes nos olhos tratados em comparação com os olhos controle correspondentes. Alternativamente, a adição de ciclosporina ao cloreto de benzalcônio não impediu a perda de células caliciformes conjuntivais, e foi observada uma redução significativa no número de células caliciformes. O aumento significativo induzido pelo cloreto de benzalcônio no número de novos vasos sanguíneos foi significativamente mitigado pela adição da ciclosporina. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou a magnitude da lesão conjuntival resultante da instilação crônica de cloreto de benzalcônio. Embora a ciclosporina não tenha atenuado os efeitos nas células caliciformes, sua adição minimizou a angiogênese inflamatória induzida pelo cloreto de benzalcônio.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/adverse effects , Benzalkonium Compounds/adverse effects , Cyclosporine/pharmacology , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Time Factors , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Conjunctiva/pathology , Goblet Cells/drug effects , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/pharmacology
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(1): 25-31, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973871

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare effects of 5% topical povidone iodine with prophylactic topical azithromycin and moxifloxacin on bacterial flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injection. Methods: A total of 132 patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with azithromycin or moxifloxacin, or no treatment (control group). In total, 528 specimens were obtained at the time of admission, 4 days before intravitreal injection, 4 days after intravitreal injection, and 8 days after intravitreal injection. Samples were immediately sent to the microbiology laboratory for incubation. Results: The microorganism observed most frequently was coagulasenegative Staphylococcus (23.8%). When the results of samples obtained on Day 4 before injection were assessed, growth of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was significantly lower in the moxifloxacin group, compared with controls (p=0.049). Acinetobacter baumannii continued to grow after administration of azithromycin (p=0.033). When the results of four days after intravitreal injection were evaluated, growth of coagulase-ne gative Staphylococcus was higher in controls, compared with patients who received azithromycin or moxifloxacin (p=0.004). Eradication rate was significantly higher in the moxifloxacin group than in the control group (p=0.001). Samples obtained on Day 8 after intravitreal injection showed similar levels of bacterial growth in all groups (p=0.217). Conclusion: Moxifloxacin was more effective than 5% povidone iodine in controlling the growth of conjunctival bacterial flora. Use of moxifloxacin in combination with 5% povidone iodine resulted in a synergistic effect.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos de iodopovidona tópico a 5% com azitromicina e moxifloxacina profiláticas sobre a flora bacteriana em pacientes submetidos à injeção intravítrea. Métodos: Um total de 132 pacientes foram aleatoriamente designados para receber tratamento com azitromicina ou moxifloxacina ou nenhum tratamento (grupo controle). No total, 528 amostras foram obtidas no momento na admissão, 4 dias antes da injeção intravítrea, 4 dias após a injeção intravítrea e 8 dias após a injeção intravítrea. As amostras foram imediatamente enviadas para o laboratório de microbiologia para incubação. Resultados: O microorganismo mais frequentemente observado foi o Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo (23,8%). Quando os resultados das amostras obtidas no dia 4 antes da injeção foram avaliados, o crescimento do Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo foi significativamente menor no grupo mo xifloxacina, em comparação com os controles (p=0,049). Acinetobacter baumannii continuou a crescer após a administração de azitromicina (p=0,033). Quando os resultados de 4 dias após a injeção intravítrea foram avaliados, o crescimento do Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo foi maior no controle, em comparação com pacientes que receberam azitromicina ou moxifloxacina (p=0,004). A taxa de erradicação também foi significativamente maior no grupo moxifloxacina do que no grupo controle (p=0,001). As amostras obtidas no dia 8 após injeção intravítrea mostraram níveis semelhantes de crescimento bacteriano em todos os grupos (p=0,217). Conclusão: A moxifloxacina foi mais eficaz do que 5% de iodopovidona no controle do crescimento da flora bacteriana conjuntival. O uso de moxifloxacina em combinação com 5% de iodopovidona resultou em um efeito sinérgico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Povidone-Iodine/administration & dosage , Azithromycin/administration & dosage , Conjunctiva/microbiology , Intravitreal Injections/methods , Moxifloxacin/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Acinetobacter/isolation & purification , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Conjunctivitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Conjunctivitis, Bacterial/prevention & control , Endophthalmitis/microbiology , Endophthalmitis/prevention & control , Treatment Outcome , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/drug effects
5.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 45(4): e1861, 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-956565

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: estudar a eficácia e segurança do uso de acetato de triancinolona subconjuntival isolado ou em associação à mitomicina C como modulador da cicatrização de trabeculectomias em coelhos. Métodos: trinta coelhos machos, albinos, raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à trabeculectomia bilateralmente. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais com 15 olhos por grupo: controle, mitomicina C, acetato de triancinolona e acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C. Tonometria de aplanação e análise clínica da bolha através do Sistema de Graduação de Moorfields foram obtidas no pós-operatório. Para a avaliação da cicatrização, procedeu-se à análise quantitativa do infiltrado inflamatório (polimorfonucleares) através da coloração Hematoxilina & Eosina e da proliferação vascular por imuno-histoquímica. Resultados: foi observada em todos os grupos diminuição significativa da pressão intraocular pós-operatória em relação à pré-operatória (p<0,001). Contudo, não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,186). O grupo acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C apresentou melhores índices na altura máxima da bolha e na vascularização da área central da bolha (p=0,001); além disso, houve menor resposta inflamatória (p=0,001) e menor proliferação vascular (p=0,001) na fase intermediária do estudo em relação às monoterapias. Conclusão: a associação da mitomicina C ao acetato de triancinolona resultou numa ação sinérgica entre esses agentes, com bolhas mais amplas e difusas e menor infiltrado inflamatório e menor proliferação vascular em estágio intermediário do acompanhamento neste modelo animal.


ABSTRACT Objective: to study the efficacy and safety of the use of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate alone or in combination with mitomycin C as a modulator of trabeculectomy healing in rabbits. Methods: we submitted thirty male, albino, New Zealand rabbits to bilateral trabeculectomy. We divided the animals into four experimental groups with 15 eyes per group: control, mitomycin C, triamcinolone acetate and triamcinolone acetate + mitomycin C. We performed aplanation tonometry and clinical analysis of the bleb through the Moorfields Graduation System in the postoperative period. For the evaluation of healing, we carried out the quantitative analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate (polymorphonuclear) through Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, and vascular proliferation, through immunohistochemistry. Results: we observed a significant decrease in postoperative intraocular pressure in all groups compared with the preoperative pressure (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between groups (p=0.186). The triamcinolone + mitomycin C acetate group presented better indices as for the maximum bleb height and vascularization of the bleb central area (p=0.001); in addition, there was a lower inflammatory response (p=0.001) and lower vascular proliferation (p=0.001) in the intermediate phase of the study compared with the monotherapies. Conclusion: the combination of mitomycin C and triamcinolone acetate resulted in a synergistic action between these agents, with broader and more diffuse blebs, less inflammatory infiltrate and less vascular proliferation in the intermediate stages of follow-up in this animal model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Wound Healing/drug effects , Triamcinolone/pharmacology , Glaucoma/surgery , Mitomycin/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Postoperative Care , Rabbits , Triamcinolone/administration & dosage , Trabeculectomy/rehabilitation , Blister/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Conjunctiva/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Therapy, Combination , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Neutrophils
6.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(2): 115-120, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-779969

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a irritação ocular aguda em coelhos, após a administração tópica de óleo essencial. Métodos: Para tanto, os animais foram divididos em três grupos, cada um com três coelhos, totalizando 6 olhos por grupo, e a diferença entre eles foi a concentração utilizada ( 1, 3 e 9%). Aplicou-se no saco conjuntival, de um dos olhos do animal, uma dose única de 0,1 ml do produto e o olho contralateral foi usado como controle. Analisou-se os efeitos causados pelo óleo essencial na conjuntiva, íris e córnea após 1, 24, 48, 72 horas e no final do sétimo dia após a aplicação tópica. As avaliações oftalmológicas foram feitas com o auxílio de um oftalmoscópio binocular indireto com e sem fluoresceína. As reações observadas foram graduadas segundo a escala de Draize. Foram realizados exames anatomopatológicos em todos os olhos estudados no final do experimento. Resultados: No grupo de animais submetidos à instilação ocular do óleo essencial a 1%, não se observou alterações. O tratamento com o óleo a 3% provocou alteração conjuntival no exame feito em 1 hora, o que foi reduzindo. A administração do óleo essencial a 9% induziu hiperemia conjuntival, não havendo qualquer alteração nos outros tempos de avaliação oftalmológica. Conclusão: A avaliação contribuiu para conhecer as alterações clínicas na superfície ocular. Desta forma, foi possível classificar o óleo a 1% como não irritante e nas concentrações de 3 e 9% como pouco irritante, tornando possível estudos clínicos, a fim de estabelecer o óleo como alternativa terapêutica em conjuntivites bacterianas.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate acute eye irritation in rabbits following topical administration of essential oil. Methods: animals were divided into three groups, each containing three rabbits, with a total of 6 eyes per group. The difference between them was the concentration used (1, 3 and 9%). A single dose of 0.1 ml of the product was applied into the conjunctival sac of one eye of the animal, and the contralateral eye was used as control. The effects caused by the essential oil in the conjunctiva, iris and cornea were analyzed after 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and at the end of the seventh day after topical application. Ophthalmologic evaluations were performed with the aid of a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope fluorescein and with and without the observed responses, before being graded according to the Draize scale. Pathological examinations were performed on all eyes studied at the end of the experiment. Results: in the group of animals subjected to the ocular instillation of 1% essential oil, there was no change. For treatment with 3% oil, conjunctival changes were found to be decreasing during the examination after 1 hour. Administration of the 9%essential oil induced conjunctival injection, without any change in the other ophthalmologic evaluation times. Conclusion: the evaluation contributed to meet the clinical changes in the ocular surface. Thus, it was possible to classify the oil at 1% as non-irritating and the concentration of 3% and 9 as mildly irritating, making it possible for clinical studies to establish the oil as an alternative therapy in bacterial conjunctivitis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Iris/drug effects , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Cornea/drug effects , Origanum , Ophthalmoscopy , Rabbits , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage , Conjunctivitis, Bacterial , Iritis/chemically induced , Administration, Topical , Toxicity Tests/methods , Corneal Opacity/chemically induced , Fluorescein , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Hyperemia/chemically induced , Irritants/toxicity
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 78(5): 295-299, Sep.-Oct. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761518

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of topical 1% cyclosporine eye drops diluted in either of the two vehicles-olive and linseed oil-and that of the oils themselves in treating experimentally-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in rabbits.Methods:KCS was induced in 25 New Zealand rabbits using 1% atropine sulfate eye drops for 7 days before treatment and throughout the treatment period (12 weeks). The rabbits were divided into five groups: one control (C) group without KCS induction and four treatment groups in which KCS was induced and treated topically with olive oil (O), linseed oil (L), cyclosporine in olive oil (CO), and cyclosporine in linseed oil (CL). The animals were evaluated using Schirmer tear test 1 (STT), the fluorescein test (FT), tear-film break-up time (TBUT), the rose bengal test (RBT), and histopathological analysis.Results:Values of STT and TBUT significantly decreased 1 week post-induction (p<0.05) and were similar to initial values after the 4th week of treatment, in all groups. After KCS induction, there was significantly less corneal damage in group L than in group CL, as assessed FT and RBT. Histopathology demonstrated that Groups L and CL presented less edema and corneal congestion. There was no significant difference in the goblet cell density (cells/mm2) between the groups (p=0.147).Conclusion:Cyclosporine diluted in olive oil or linseed oil was effective in the treatment of KCS, although it had better efficacy when diluted in linseed oil. Linseed oil presented better effectiveness, whether associated or not, than olive oil. These results may contribute to the creation of novel topical ophthalmic formulations for KCS treatment in future.


RESUMOObjetivo:Avaliar a eficácia do uso tópico do colírio de ciclosporina 1% em dois veículos, óleo de oliva e linhaça, e dos óleos separados, no tratamento da ceratoconjuntivite seca experimentalmente induzida (KCS) em coelhos.Método:Vinte e cinco coelhos Nova Zelândia foram induzidos para KCS com colírio de sulfato de atropina a 1% por sete dias antes e durante o período de tratamento (12 semanas) e foram divididos em 5 grupos, um grupo controle (C), sem indução de KCS e quatro grupos de tratamento tópico com ciclosporina em óleo de oliva (CO), ciclosporina em óleo de linhaça (CL), óleo de oliva (O) e óleo de linhaça (L). Os animais foram avaliados utilizando o teste lacrimal de Schirmer I (STT), teste de fluoresceína (FT), teste de ruptura do filme lacrimal (TBUT), teste de rosa bengala (RBT) e análise histopatológica.Resultados:Os valores de TBUT e STT diminuíram significativamente uma semana pós-indução da KCS (p<0,05) e foram semelhantes aos valores iniciais após a quarta semana de tratamento, em todos os grupos. Após a indução de KCS, houve menor dano na córnea no grupo L em relação ao grupo CL, quando avaliados FT e RBT. A histopatologia demonstrou que os grupos L e CL apresentaram menos edema e congestão da córnea. Não houve diferença significativa na densidade das células caliciformes (células/mm2) entre os grupos (p=0,147).Conclusão:Ciclosporina diluída em óleo de oliva ou linhaça foi eficiente no tratamento da CCS, porém teve uma melhor eficácia quando diluída no óleo de linhaça. O óleo de linhaça, isoladamente ou associado, apresentou melhor eficácia quando comparado ao óleo de oliva. Estes resultados podem contribuir no futuro com novas formulações oftálmicas tópicas no tratamento da CCS.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/drug therapy , Linseed Oil/administration & dosage , Olive Oil/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Administration, Ophthalmic , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Conjunctiva/pathology , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/pathology , Cyclosporine/chemistry , Drug Combinations , Drug Carriers/administration & dosage , Fluorescein , Goblet Cells/drug effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry , Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/pathology , Ophthalmic Solutions/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Tears
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 78(1): 1-5, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741170

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of tranilast as an adjunctive therapy in conjunctival autograft. Methods: Twenty-nine patients were randomly allocated to the Tranilast Group (n=15) or the Control Group (n=14). The Tranilast Group received a subconjunctival injection of 0.5% tranilast 30 days prior to surgery. Conjunctival autograft was performed in both groups using fibrin sealant and 0.02% subconjunctival mitomycin C at the end of the surgery. After the resection of the pterygium, immunohistochemistry was performed with 100 cells to identify epithelial cells positive for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Subjective symptoms were evaluated using a 5-point scale, and the recurrence rate was assessed. Results: Both groups showed improvements in their symptoms and similar clinical results. Compared with the Control Group, the Tranilast Group failed to show a decreased recurrence rate (p=0.59). However, the number of epithelial cells expressing TGF-β was lower in the Tranilast Group (5 cells; 95% CI: 2.56-13.15; Control Group, 16 cells, 95% CI: 11.53-24.76; p=0.01). Minimal but reversible complications, including glaucoma secondary to corticosteroids and granuloma, occurred during the study. Conclusion: Tranilast was effective in decreasing the number of pterygium epithelial cells expressing TGF-β. .


Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia do tranilast, como terapia auxiliar no transplante autólogo de conjuntiva. Métodos: Vinte e nove pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo Tratado (15) e Grupo Controle (14). Trinta dias antes da cirurgia, o Grupo Tratado recebeu uma injeção subconjuntival de tranilast a 0,5%. O transplante autólogo de conjuntiva foi realizado em ambos os grupos, usando-se a cola de fibrina e a mitomicina 0,02% subconjuntival, ao final da cirurgia. Cada paciente foi examinado por 12 meses de acompanhamento. A imuno-histoquímica foi realizada, mediante um total de 100 células, a fim de que se contassem as células epiteliais positivas, para o fator de crescimento transformador beta (TGF-β), após a cirurgia do pterígio. Os sintomas subjetivos foram avaliados usando-se uma escala de cinco pontos, e a taxa de recorrência foi avaliada. Resultados: Os 2 grupos apresentaram melhora dos sintomas e com resultados clínicos similares. Quando comparado com o Grupo Controle, o Grupo Tratado falhou em mostrar uma diminuição da taxa de recorrência (p=0,59). Entretanto o número de células epiteliais expressando o TGF-β foi menor no Grupo Tratado (5 células; 95% CI=2,56-13,15; Grupo Controle, 16 células; 95% CI: 11,53-24,76, p=0,01). Complicações mínimas, mas reversíveis, ocorreram durante o estudo, incluindo glaucoma secundário ao uso de corticoide e granuloma. Conclusão: O tranilast foi efetivo em diminuir o número células epiteliais do pterígio expressando o TGF-β. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Conjunctiva/transplantation , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Pterygium/drug therapy , Pterygium/surgery , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , ortho-Aminobenzoates/administration & dosage , Autografts , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Conjunctiva/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Follow-Up Studies , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/therapeutic use , Injections, Intraocular , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Care , Prospective Studies , Pterygium/metabolism , Pterygium/prevention & control , Recurrence , Secondary Prevention/methods , Transplantation, Autologous , Treatment Outcome
9.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 270-279, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-89398

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Chronic use of topical hypotensive agents induces several side effects caused by preservatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prostaglandin analogs with varying concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), preservative-free (PF), and alternative preservatives on mouse corneal tissue. METHODS: Thirty-five, 8- to 10-week-old female C57BL/6 mice (five mice for each group) were used for this study. To the control group, we applied normal saline, and to each drug-treated group we applied 0.02% BAC, bimatoprost 0.01% (with BAC 0.02%), latanoprost 0.005% (with BAC 0.02%), travoprost 0.004% (with 0.001% polyquad) or tafluprost 0.0015% with/without 0.001% BAC, once a day (9 p.m.) for 4 weeks. Corneal fluorescein staining was evaluated in all groups. After harvest, the corneal tissues were embedded in paraffin and then Hematoxylin-Eosin stain was performed for histopathological examination. Immunofluorescence staining was done against TNF-alpha, IL-6, HLA DR, pJNK, and pAkt. RESULTS: In corneal fluorescein staining, severe punctate epithelial keratitis was seen in the groups of 0.02% BAC, 0.02% BAC containing bimatoprost 0.01% and latanoprost 0.005%. The surface desquamation, irregular surface, loss of cell borders, anisocytosis and stromal shrinkage were observed in the groups of BAC-containing eye drops. Moreover, the groups treated with BAC-containing eye drops have high inflammatory markers, significantly decreased cell viability-related signal, pAkt, and higher apoptosis-inducing signal, pJNK, than the control group. On the other hand, travoprost 0.004% and PF tafluprost 0.0015% have less cellular morphologic changes, lower inflammation, and higher cellular viability than BAC-containing formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal damage, increased inflammation and apoptosis and low cell viability were observed in BAC-containing groups. PF or alternatively preserved glaucoma medications seem to be a reasonable and viable alternative to those preserved with BAC.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Cell Survival , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Epithelium, Corneal/drug effects , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Ophthalmic Solutions , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/administration & dosage
10.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 131-137, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-170373

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of mineral oil (MO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) mixture eye drops on the tear film and ocular surface in a mouse model of experimental dry eye (EDE). METHODS: Eye drops consisting of 0.1% HA alone or mixed with 0.1%, 0.5%, or 5.0% MO were applied to desiccating stress-induced murine dry eyes. Tear volume, corneal irregularity score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining scores were measured at 5 and 10 days after treatment. Ten days after treatment, goblet cells in the conjunctiva were counted after Periodic acid-Schiff staining. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the tear volume between desiccating stress-induced groups. The corneal irregularity score was lower in the 0.5% MO group compared with the EDE and HA groups. The 0.5% and 5.0% MO groups showed a significant improvement in TBUT compared with the EDE group. Mice treated with 0.1% and 0.5% MO mixture eye drops showed a significant improvement in fluorescein staining scores compared with the EDE group and the HA group. The conjunctival goblet cell count was higher in the 0.5% MO group compared with the EDE group and HA group. CONCLUSIONS: The MO and HA mixture eye drops had a beneficial effect on the tear films and ocular surface of murine dry eye. The application of 0.5% MO and 0.1% HA mixture eye drops could improve corneal irregularity, the corneal fluorescein staining score, and conjunctival goblet cell count compared with 0.1% HA eye drops in the treatment of EDE.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Cornea/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Combinations , Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy , Emollients/administration & dosage , Goblet Cells/drug effects , Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mineral Oil/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions , Tears/metabolism , Viscosupplements/administration & dosage
11.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 73(3): 154-161, May-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-727185

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da mitomicina C a 0,02% (MMC), aplicada em dose única por 3 minutos, na proliferação e diferenciação das células epiteliais da córnea de coelhos. Métodos: A MMC tópica foi aplicada na episclera da área límbica temporal, mediante tecido epitelial corneano intacto (um olho) e após desepitelização epitelial parcial da córnea (outro olho). Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, MMC ou solução fisiológica 0,9% (SF) foi aplicada e a solução escolhida para cada animal foi determinada por sorteio. Os animais foram divididos em grupo A (20 olhos), grupo B (16 olhos) e grupo C (14 olhos). Foram sacrificados respectivamente em 4º, 15º e 45º dia de pós-operatório. Para estimular a proliferação celular, os animais do grupo C foram submetidos à desepitelização central da córnea 3 dias antes do dia do sacrifício. Marcadores de diferenciação celular (AE1, AE3 e AE5) e de proliferação (5Bromo-2-Deoxiuridina, BrdU) foram utilizados. Nas lâminas coradas com BrdU, as áreas nasal, temporal e central foram delimitadas. O número de células coradas pela BrdU foram contadas nos 3 diferentes campos e a média aritmética de cada área foi analisada estatisticamente. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística entre MMC e SF nas áreas central e temporal da córnea previamente desepitelizada em todos os grupos. Não houve diferença estatística durante a análise de diferenciação celular. Conclusão: A MMC na dose de 0,02%, aplicada por 3 minutos sobre a episclera, interfere na proliferação celular da área exposta à droga e previamente desepitelizada. Não interfere na diferenciação celular e sua ação possui efeito prolongado. .


Objective: To evaluate the influence of a three-minute application of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) on proliferation and differentiation of rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Methods: Topical MMC or 0.9% saline solution was applied to the episclera of the temporal limbal area of both eyes, maintaining intact epithelial tissue in one eye, and after partial corneal deepithelialization in the contralateral eye. The animals were arranged in groups A (20 eyes), B (16 eyes) and C (14 eyes) and sacrificed respectively on the 4th, 15th and 45th postoperative days. In order to stimulate cell proliferation, group C was submitted to central corneal deepithelialization three days before sacrifice. Cell differentiation markers (AE1, AE3 and AE5) were used for differentiation analysis and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for detection of corneal epithelial cells proliferation. Results: There was no statistical difference in differentiation cells when drugs or surgical techniques were analyzed. Cell proliferation when using MMC or SF was statis-tically significant at central and temporal areas when applied after partial corneal deepithelialization in all groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that the three-minute episcleral application of 0.02% MMC does not affect epithelial cell differentiation; however, when MMC application occurs after corneal deepithelialization, it may affect cell proliferation. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Mitomycin/pharmacology , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Cornea/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Rabbits , Immunohistochemistry , Cell Count , Administration, Topical , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Intraoperative Care
12.
Clinics ; 68(10): 1376-1379, out. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689975

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of transconjunctival needling revision with 5-fluorouracil versus medical treatment in glaucomatous eyes with uncontrolled intraocular pressure due to encapsulated bleb after trabeculectomy. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, interventional study. A total of 40 eyes in 39 patients with elevated intraocular pressure and encapsulated blebs diagnosed at a maximum five months after primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were included. The eyes were randomized to either transconjunctival needling revision with 5- fluorouracil or medical treatment (hypotensive eyedrops). A maximum of two transconjunctival needling revisions per patient was allowed in the needling arm. All patients underwent follow-up for 12 months. Successful treatment was defined as an intraocular pressure ≤ 18 mmHg and a 20% reduction from baseline at the final follow-up. Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01887223. RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure at the final 12-month follow-up was lower in the transconjunctival needling revision group compared to the medical treatment group. Similar numbers of eyes reached the criteria for treatment success in both the transconjunctival needling revision group and the medical treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar success rates in eyes randomized to transconjunctival needling revision with 5-fluorouracil compared to eyes receiving medical treatment, there was a significantly lower mean intraocular pressure at 12 months after transconjunctival needling revision. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antimetabolites/therapeutic use , Blister/therapy , Conjunctiva/surgery , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Glaucoma/surgery , Trabeculectomy/adverse effects , Blister/etiology , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Intraocular Pressure , Needles , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
13.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 446-453, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-205013

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Long-term use of topical medication is needed for glaucoma treatment. One of the most commonly prescribed classes of hypotensive agents are prostaglandin analogs (PGs) used as both first-line monotherapy; as well as in combination therapy with other hypotensive agents. Several side effects of eye drops can be caused by preservatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PGs with varying concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), alternative preservatives, or no preservatives on human conjunctival fibroblast cells. METHODS: Primary human conjunctival fibroblast cells were used in these experiments. Cells were exposed to the following drugs: BAC at different concentrations, bimatoprost 0.01% (with BAC 0.02%), latanoprost 0.005% (with BAC 0.02%), tafluprost 0.0015% with/without 0.001% BAC and travoprost 0.004% (with 0.001% Polyquad) for 15 and 30 minutes. Cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy to monitor morphological changes of cells, Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to cell viability, and fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis to measure apoptosis. RESULTS: BAC caused cell shrinkage and detachment from the plate in a dose-dependent manner. Morphological changes were observed in cells treated with bimatoprost 0.01% and latanoprost 0.005%. However, mild cell shrinkage was noted in cells treated with tafluprost 0.0015%, while a non-toxic effect was noted with travoprost 0.004% and preservative-free tafluprost 0.0015%. CCK-8 assay and FACS analysis showed all groups had a significantly decreased cell viability and higher apoptosis rate compared with the control group. However, travoprost 0.004% and preservative-free tafluprost 0.0015% showed lower cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate than other drugs. CONCLUSIONS: This in vitro study revealed that BAC-induced cytotoxicity is dose-dependent, although it is important to emphasize that the clinical significance of toxicity differences observed among the different PGs formulations has not yet been firmly established. Alternatively preserved or preservative-free glaucoma medications seem to be a reasonable and viable alternative to those preserved with BAC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/pharmacology , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/pharmacology
14.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(10): 732-735, Oct. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-650564

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the frequency of conjunctival HLA-DR expression (a surrogate marker for inflammation) in eyes treated with topical prostaglandin analogues versus eyes treated with other topical antiglaucomatous drugs. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma presenting indication for trabeculectomy were divided in groups according to the use or not of prostaglandin analogues. All subjects were treated with the maximum tolerated dose of antiglaucomatous drugs until the date of the surgery. At the beginning of the surgical procedure, a 5 x 5 mm biopsy of the bulbar conjunctiva was collected, incubated with monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody and processed for histological analysis. RESULTS: Of the 31 eyes included (31 patients), 25 were under topical prostaglandin analogues (Group 1) and six under other topical pharmacological agents (Group 2). Fourteen eyes of Group 1 (56%) and three of Group 2 (50 %) were positive for the inflammatory marker HLA-DR (P=1.0). The percentage of stained cells ranged from 15.49 to 48.09% (median: 27.61) in Group 1, and from 18.35 to 28 (median: 20.71) in Group 2, with no differences statistically significant (p=0.33). CONCLUSION: The use of prostaglandin analogues did not increase conjunctival expression of HLA-DR compared to other topical antiglaucomatous agents.


OBJETIVO: Comparar a frequência da expressão conjuntival de HLA-DR (marcador inflamatório) em olhos tratados com análogos de prostaglandinas de uso tópico com a frequência em olhos tratados com outros medicamentos. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto apresentando indicação de trabeculectomia foram agrupados segundo o uso ou não de análogos de prostaglandinas. Todos os participantes foram tratados com medicação máxima tolerada até o momento da cirurgia. Ao início do procedimento cirúrgico, uma biópsia de 5 x 5 mm da conjuntiva bulbar foi coletada, incubada com anticorpo monoclonal anti-HLA-DR e processada para análise histológica RESULTADOS: Dentre os 31 olhos incluídos (31 pacientes), 25 estavam em uso de análogos de prostaglandinas (Grupo 1) e seis em uso de outros agentes antiglaucomatosos (Grupo 2). Quatorze olhos do Grupo 1 (56%) e três do Grupo 2 (50%) apresentaram positividade para o marcador HLA-DR (p=1,0). A porcentagem de células coradas variou de 15,49 a 48,09% (mediana: 27,61%) no Grupo 1 e de 18,35 a 28% (mediana: 20,71%) no Grupo 2, com diferenças não estatisticamente significativas (p=0,33). CONCLUSÃO: O uso de análogos de prostaglandinas não aumenta a expressão conjuntival de HLA-DR comparado com outros medicamentos tópicos para o tratamento de glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Conjunctivitis/chemically induced , Glaucoma/drug therapy , HLA-DR Antigens/analysis , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/adverse effects , Administration, Ophthalmic , Analysis of Variance , Biopsy , Biomarkers/analysis , Conjunctiva/pathology , Conjunctivitis/pathology , Glaucoma/surgery , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/therapeutic use
15.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 290-296, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-194319

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the myotoxicity of bevacizumab on extraocular muscles in a rabbit model. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. The animals were evenly divided into two groups. In the first group, 15 rabbits were treated with intramuscular injections of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) in the right superior rectus muscle and normal saline solution (0.05 mL) in the left superior rectus muscle. In the second group, 15 rabbits were treated with subconjunctival injections of bevacizumab (2.5 mg/0.1 mL) in the right superior subconjunctival area and normal saline solution (0.1 mL) in the left superior subconjunctival area. Five rabbits in each group were sacrificed at one day, two weeks and four weeks after the injections. Extraocular muscle samples were prepared for light microscopic (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) examination. Degrees of acute inflammation were evaluated via CD-11b immunohistochemistry, and global muscle change was investigated using hematoxylin and eosin stains. Intensity of fibrosis was evaluated using Masson trichrome stains, and ultrastructural changes were observed on EM. RESULTS: We observed no significant inflammatory cell infiltration, muscle necrosis or fibrotic change in treated and control eyes. EM findings revealed no significant damage to muscle or vascular tissue after bevacizumab injection. CONCLUSIONS: We found no signs of extraocular muscle toxicity after LM and EM intramuscular and subconjunctival bevacizumab injections in a rabbit model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Injections , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects
16.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(3): 291-295, May-June 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521460

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a flora bacteriana da conjuntiva e o padrão de resistência a antibióticos em crianças recém-nascidas prematuras na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas amostras de secreção conjuntival de 48 recém-nascidos com permanência de pelo menos 48 horas na UTIN. RESULTADOS: Das 48 amostras 40 (83,3 por cento) apresentaram cultura positiva, com maior frequência de Staphyloccocus coagulase-negativo (43,2 por cento) e Staphyloccocus aureus (25,0 por cento). Foram consideradas multirresistentes 63,9 por cento das bactérias. Os antibióticos com maior sensibilidade no antibiograma foram gatifloxacino (97,2 por cento), vancomicina (94,4 por cento) e ofloxacino (94,4 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: A flora bacteriana da conjuntiva de prematuros na UTIN é diversificada, predominando as bactérias Gram-positivas, geralmente multirresistente a antibióticos.


PURPOSE: To analyze the conjunctival bacterial flora and the antibiotics resistance pattern in preterm newborns at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), in "Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE". METHODS: Material from the conjunctival sac was obtained from 48 premature infants eyes that stayed at in NICU more than 48 hours. RESULTS: Culture analysis revealed that 40 (83.3 percent) were positive and the pathogens most commonly isolated included Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (43.2 percent) and Staphylococcus aureus (25.0 percent), being 63.9 percent of the bacteria multiresistant. Antimicrobial test results demonstrated great sensitivity to gatifloxacin (97.2 percent), vancomycin (94.4 percent) and ofloxacin (94.4 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival bacterial flora among newborns in NICU is varied, mainly Gram-positive, usually multiresistant to antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Conjunctiva/microbiology , Infant, Premature , Staphylococcus aureus , Cross-Sectional Studies , Culture Media , Coagulase/metabolism , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Hospitalization , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Ofloxacin/pharmacology , Prospective Studies , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Vancomycin/pharmacology
17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(2): 191-196, mar.-abr. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483026

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar alterações da flora conjuntival após uso dos colírios de ciprofloxacino e gatifloxacino 0,3 por cento na profilaxia dos pacientes submetidos à facectomia. MÉTODOS: Quarenta pacientes submetidos a facectomia foram alocados em dois grupos, conforme o colírio antibiótico utilizado: Grupo A: ciprofloxacino 0,3 por cento e Grupo B: gatifloxacino 0,3 por cento. Os pacientes usaram os colírios 1 hora antes da cirurgia e nos primeiros 14 dias pós-operatórios. Foi coletado material da conjuntiva em cinco momentos: 1 hora antes da cirurgia, sem medicações tópicas (t0); imediatamente antes da aplicação de iodopovidona (PVPI) (t1), antes do início da cirurgia, após iodopovidona (t2), 14 dias após a cirurgia (t3) e 28 dias após a cirurgia (t4). RESULTADOS: O uso de antibióticos no pré-operatório diminuiu a positividade das culturas anteriores ao uso do iodopovidona em ambos os grupos; no Grupo A esta redução não alcançou significância estatística (Grupo A - p=0,07 e Grupo B - p=0,04). A positividade das culturas foi reduzida nos dois grupos após aplicação de iodopovidona e 14 dias após a cirurgia (p<0,05). Em t4 a freqüência do Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo foi menor no grupo A quando comparado ao grupo B (p<0,05) e a sensibilidade ao ciprofloxacino em relação a t0 foi menor em todos grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O colírio de gatifloxacino aplicado 1 hora antes da cirurgia reduziu significantemente a positividade das culturas. Ambos antibióticos promoveram redução da flora quando administrados no pós-operatório.


PURPOSE: To evaluate alterations of the conjunctival flora after the use of 0.3 percent ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin in the prophylaxis of patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS: 40 patients undergoing cataract surgery were distributed into two groups according to the use of antibiotic eye drops: Group A: 0.3 percent ciprofloxacin and Group B: 0.3 percent gatifloxacin. Both groups used antibiotic eye drops 1 hour before surgery and 14 days after surgery. Conjunctival material was collected at 5 time points: 1 hour before surgery, without any topical medication (t0); immediately before the application of povidone-iodine (PVPI) (t1), before the beginning of surgery, after povidone-iodine (t2), 14 days (t3) and 28 days after surgery (t4). RESULTS: Preoperative antibiotics reduced the positivity of the cultures before the use of PVPI in both groups, although in Group A this reduction was not significant (Group A - p=0.07 and Group B - p=0.04). The number of positive cultures was reduced in all groups after the use of povidone-iodine and on the 14th postoperative day (p<0.05). In t4 there was a reduction in the frequency of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in Group A compared with Group B (p<0.05); the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was also reduced in all groups, when compared with t0. CONCLUSIONS: Gatifloxacin eye drops applied one hour before surgery significantly reduced the number of positive conjunctival cultures. Both antibiotics reduced the conjunctival flora when administered in the postoperative period.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Cataract Extraction , Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use , Conjunctiva/microbiology , Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use , Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Endophthalmitis/prevention & control , Preoperative Care , Prospective Studies , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification
18.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(6): 910-916, nov.-dez. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-474093

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare histological changes induced by antiglaucoma medications in the rabbit conjunctiva. METHODS: Fifty New Zealand rabbits were divided in 5 groups of 10 animals. The left eyes were treated daily with one drop of bimatoprost 0.03 percent, travoprost 0.004 percent, latanoprost 0.005 percent, timolol maleate 0.5 percent or artificial tears containing benzalkonium chloride (BAK) for 30 days. The right eyes served as controls. Superior limbic conjunctival biopsies were performed at the 8th and 30th day in 5 rabbits of each group. The conjunctiva was fixed with 10 percent formaldehyde, followed by HE and PAS staining. Morphohistometric quantitative analyses were performed to evaluate the following parameters: inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial thickness, number of goblet cells, diameter and number of blood vessels. RESULTS: At the 8th and 30th posttreatment days, all groups, except one that received artificial tears, exhibited a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, composed by lymphocytes and neutrophils, which was denser in the timolol group than in the prostaglandin (PG) analogues groups. At the 30th day, the timolol group also showed an increased subepithelial collagen density and a significant increase in epithelial thickness (p=0.0035). The goblet cell density was significantly increased at the 8th day in the group treated with travoprost (p=0.0006), and at the 30th day in those treated with bimatoprost (p=0.0021) and latanoprost (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Although a moderate, diffuse inflammatory infiltrate was observed in PG-treated eyes, no changes in conjunctival epithelial thickness or subconjunctival collagen density were observed with these medications, suggesting that these drugs induce fewer changes than timolol maleate in the rabbit conjunctiva.


OBJETIVOS: Comparar alterações histológicas induzidas por medicação anti-glaucomatosa na conjuntiva de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididos em 5 grupos de 10 animais. Os olhos esquerdos foram tratados com uma gota diária de bimatoprosta 0,03 por cento, travoprosta 0,004 por cento, latanoprosta 0,005 por cento, maleato de timolol 0,5 por cento ou lágrimas artificiais contendo cloreto de benzalcônio (BAK) por 30 dias. Os olhos direitos serviram como controles. Foram realizadas biópsias conjuntivais límbicas superiores no 8º e 30º dias em 5 coelhos de cada grupo. A conjuntiva foi fixada com formaldeído 10 por cento, seguido por coloração de HE e PAS. Foi realizada análise quantitativa morfohistométrica para avaliar os seguintes parâmetros: infiltrado inflamatório, espessura epitelial, número de células caliciformes, diâmetro e número de vasos sanguíneos. RESULTADOS: No 8º e 30º dias de tratamento, todos os grupos, exceto aquele que recebeu lágrimas artificiais, exibiram infiltrado inflamatório difuso, composto por linfócitos e neutrófilos, sendo mais denso no grupo timolol do que nos grupos dos análogos de prostaglandinas. No 30º dia, o grupo timolol apresentou um aumento na densidade de colágeno subepitelial e um aumento significativo da espessura epitelial (p=0,0035). A densidade de células caliciformes aumentou significativamente no 8º dia no grupo tratado com travoprosta (p=0,0006), e no 30º dia nos grupos tratados com bimatoprosta (p=0,0021) e latanoprosta (p=0,009). CONCLUSÕES: Embora tenha sido observado um infiltrado inflamatório difuso e moderado nos olhos tratados com análogos de prostaglandinas, não houve alterações na espessura epitelial conjuntival ou densidade colágena subepitelial com essas medicações, sugerindo que essas drogas induzem menores alterações que o maleato de timolol na conjuntiva de coelhos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rabbits , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/adverse effects , Timolol/adverse effects , Analysis of Variance , Amides/administration & dosage , Amides/adverse effects , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Biopsy , Benzalkonium Compounds/administration & dosage , Benzalkonium Compounds/adverse effects , Cloprostenol/administration & dosage , Cloprostenol/adverse effects , Cloprostenol/analogs & derivatives , Conjunctiva/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Goblet Cells/drug effects , Goblet Cells/pathology , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/administration & dosage , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/adverse effects , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/administration & dosage , Staining and Labeling , Time Factors , Timolol/administration & dosage
19.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(4): 718-725, jul.-ago. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-461967

ABSTRACT

As drogas antineoplásicas proporcionam aumento da sobrevida dos portadores de neoplasias, mas podem induzir efeitos adversos em vários órgãos e tecidos. A mucosite é efeito adverso freqüentemente observado durante a administração de certos quimioterápicos. A toxicidade ocular dessas drogas pode se manifestar por alterações da superfície ocular e do filme lacrimal. O objetivo foi avaliar alterações da superfície ocular induzidas pelos quimioterápicos e estabelecer sua correlação clínica com mucosite e quimioterapia. Trinta e nove pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo, citologia de impressão e estudo microbiológico da conjuntiva. Comparamos 2 grupos: com manifestação de mucosite (caso) e sem manifestação de mucosite (controle). Para análise estatística, utilizamos o software Statistical Package for Social Sciences. A mucosite foi identificada em 51,4 por cento dos pacientes avaliados após a quimioterapia. O tempo de quebra do filme lacrimal mostrou redução significativa após a quimioterapia (p<0,0001), acompanhado por epiteliopatia puntata (78,4 por cento). O teste de Schirmer não apresentou alterações estatisticamente significativas considerando o pré x pós-quimioterapia. A quimioterapia é capaz de induzir alterações no filme lacrimal. A mucosite induzida pela quimioterapia compromete também a mucosa conjuntival, caracterizada subjetivamente pelos sintomas oculares relatados pelos pacientes e comprovada laboratorialmente em nosso estudo.


Antineoplastic agents offer an increase in the patients' survival rates, but may induce side effects in different organs and tissues. Mucositis is one of the most common side effects during chemotherapy with certain agents. The ocular toxicity induced by these drugs may manifest as changes in the ocular surface and in the tear film. The purpose of this research was to study the ocular surface changes induced by chemotherapy and to establish their clinical correlation with the chemotherapy and mucositis. The 39 selected patients underwent a full ophthalmological examination and supplementary tests. We compared 2 groups of patients: with (case) and without mucositis (control). Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Mucositis was identified in 51.4 percent of the patients after chemotherapy. The brakeup time showed a statistically significant decrease after chemotherapy (p<0.0001). Punctate epitheliopathy was seen in 78.4 percent of cases. Schirmer test results did not show significant changes pre x post-chemotherapy. Chemotherapy may induce tear film changes, as shown in this study by the brakeup time, Schirmer test and biomicroscopy. Chemotherapy-induced mucositis involves also the conjunctival mucosa, which was subjectively characterized by the ocular symptoms and proved in our study by impression cytology and microbiology.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Conjunctiva/pathology , Dry Eye Syndromes/chemically induced , Mucositis/chemically induced , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Tears/physiology
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(2): 229-234, mar.-abr. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453161

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a microbiota bacteriana aeróbia da conjuntiva de doadores de córnea e seu padrão de suscetibilidade a antibióticos; verificar o número de córneas utilizadas para transplante e a média de tempo de preservação em solução preservante com gentamicina e estreptomicina; traçar o perfil dos doadores e receptores de córnea. MÉTODOS: Espécimes clínicos foram colhidos de saco inferior da conjuntiva de ambos os olhos, de 40 doadores de córnea. As amostras foram inoculadas em ágar sangue azida, ágar chocolate e ágar MacConkey e o antibiograma foi realizado pelo método de Kirby-Bauer. RESULTADOS: A freqüência de cultura positiva da conjuntiva de doadores de córnea foi de 72,5 por cento, sendo que Gram-positivos totalizaram 81,6 por cento e apenas 18,4 por cento das amostras foram identificadas como Gram-negativos. Vancomicina inibiu 100 por cento dos Gram-positivos, ao passo que a sensibilidade dos Gram-negativos à gentamicina foi de 53,8 por cento e à estreptomicina foi de 30 por cento. O sexo masculino predominou entre os doadores e receptores, a média de tempo entre o óbito e a enucleação foi de 2h e a de preservação em solução preservante com gentamicina e estreptomicina foi de 7 dias. Neoplasia e mais de uma causa associada foram as causas de óbito mais freqüentes. O ceratocone foi a principal indicação para transplante (51,7 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Staphylococcus coagulase negativo foi o microrganismo com o maior número de isolamentos, apresentando sensibilidade variada aos antimicrobianos. A quantidade de córneas utilizadas para transplante foi bastante inferior em relação ao total de captações. O perfil dos doadores e receptores de córnea mostrou-se heterogêneo para grande parte das variáveis analisadas.


PURPOSE: To determine aerobic bacterial microbiota of the conjunctiva of cornea donors and its patterns of susceptibility to antibiotics; verify the number of corneas used for transplant and the average time of preservation in solutions with gentamicin and streptomycin; trace the profile of donors and receptors of cornea. METHODS: Clinical specimens were collected from the inferior bag of the conjunctiva of both eyes of 40 cornea donors. The samples were inoculated into acid blood, chocolate and MacConkey agars, and the antibiogram was performed by the Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS: The frequency of positive cultures of the conjunctiva of cornea donors was 72.5 percent, with Gram-positive totalling 81.6 percent and only 18.4 percent of the samples were identified as Gram-negative. Vancomycin inhibited 100 percent of Gram-positive microorganisms, while sensitivity of the Gram-negative to gentamicin was 53.8 percent and to streptomycin 30 percent. Most donors and recipients were men, the average time between death and enucleation was approximately 2 hours and preservation in solution with gentamicin and streptomycin was around 7 days. Neoplasms and more than one associated cause were the most frequently causes of death. Keratoconus was the main indication for transplant (51.7 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated microorganism, presenting variable sensitivity to antimicrobians. The amount of corneas used for transplant was below the number of available corneas. Donor and receptor profiles were very heterogeneous regarding most of the analyzed variables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Bacteria, Aerobic , Conjunctiva/microbiology , Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Brazil , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Corneal Transplantation/standards , Corneal Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Eye Banks , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Serologic Tests , Streptomycin/pharmacology , Time Factors , Tissue Donors/supply & distribution , Tissue Preservation/standards , Tissue Preservation/statistics & numerical data , Vancomycin/pharmacology
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